Un estudio sobre el color: los usos de לָבָן en la Biblia hebrea

The study of color allows us to make assumptions about the correlation (and no correlation) between psychological, social, symbolic elements and language itself. And the Hebrew Bible does not escape from this. With regard to the magnitude of this project, this paper reflects the first stage of my work studying colors in the Masoretic text, specifically on לָבָן, term commonly translated as ‘white.’ In addition, there are various verbal forms containing the verbal root לבן. If we compare לָבָן with the rest of terms of color, we find that this is the most common of them all, which makes it to be considered a primary and widely documented term. But its antiquity is also proof of its opacity. A detailed reading of לָבָן reinforces the idea that the translation of this term as ‘white’ is incomplete. It actually refers to something whose chromatism is low but bright at the same time. Such “vague nature” is what makes לָבָן so present throughout the Hebrew Bible. This paper aims to provide a complete picture of the לָבָן in the Hebrew Bible, establishing the sensory chromatic perception of the term.El estudio del color permite asumir la correlación (y no correlación) entre elementos psicológicos, sociales, simbólicos y el lenguaje en sí. Y la Biblia Hebrea no es una excepción. Considerando la magnitud de este proyecto, este artículo refleja la primera etapa de mi estudio sobre los colores en el texto masorético, específicamente en לָבָן, término traducido habitualmente como ‘blanco’, así como las diferentes formas verbales que contienen la raíz לבן. Si se compara לָבָן con el resto de términos de color, se llegará a la conclusión de que este es el más común de todos, haciendo que sea considerado un término primario y bien documentado. Pero dicha antigüedad es prueba de su opacidad. Una lectura detallada de לָבָן refuerza la idea de que la traducción de este término como ‘blanco’ es incompleta. De hecho se refiere a algo cuyo cromatismo es bajo pero brillante al mismo tiempo. Esta “vaga naturaleza” es lo que hace que לָבָן esté tan presente en la Biblia Hebrea. Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la percepción cromática de לָבָן

International Colloquium on Rabbis and Synagogues in the Mediterranean Context: A Summary

On 9 and 10 February 2015, the University of Granada hosted the International Colloquium on Rabbis and Synagogues in the Mediterranean Context. The event was organized by Lorena Miralles Maciá, Carmen Caballero Navas and Daniel Muñoz Garrido and received support from the University of Granada, The Rothschild Foundation (Hanadiv), the Spanish Association of Hebrew and Jewish Studies (AEEHJ in its Spanish acronym), the research project Language and Literature of Rabbinic and Medieval Judaism (FFI2013-43813-P, funded by the State Secretariat for Research, Development and Innovation – Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness), the Regional Government of Andalusia and the Euro-Arab Foundation for Higher Studies (in whose Granada headquarters the colloquium was held). The colloquium was open to all (prior notification of attendance was the only requirement) so that anybody interested in the world of Hebrew and Jewish studies could attend as long as space was available, regardless of whether or not they were affiliated with an institution of higher learning

Onomástica en el Libro Hebreo de Henoc: El ángel Metatrón

O livro hebreu de Enoque (3Enoque) é a última das obras apócrifas atribuídas a Enoque, sétimo patriarca antediluviano. Dos vários trabalhos relacionados com a personagem, 3Enoque é uma obra diferente, focada no elemento místico. Existem inúmeros nomes angelicais nos seus quarenta e oito capítulos, começando com o misteriosa Metatron, que não é outro senão o próprio Enoque transformado em anjo. É descrito como uma figura controversa, também chamado "Javé Menor", e possui vários títulos e funções. A história do nome Metatron tem uma natureza e etimologia muito obscuras, que até hoje têm dividido os pesquisadores.The Hebrew Book of Enoch (3Enoch) is the last of the apocryphal works attributed to Enoch, seventh antediluvian patriarch. Of the various works related to the character, 3Enoch is a different work, focused on the mystical element. There are numerous angelic names in its forty-eight chapters, starting with the mysterious Metatron, which is none other than Enoch himself turned into an angel. He is described as a controversial figure also called "The Lesser Yahweh", owning several titles and functions. The story of the name Metatron has a really obscure nature and etymology, which makes researchers disagree even today

Apócrifos y apocalípticos: angelología y demonología en los libros de Henoc

[ES]La tesis del doctorando Carlos Santos Carretero, "Apócrifos y Apocalípticos: Angelología y Demonología en los Libros de Henoc" supone una nueva aproximación a un grupo de obras de gran importancia dentro de la literatura hebrea, y en especial, de las obras bíblicas consideradas apócrifas. A lo largo de su investigación, Carlos Santos Carretero ha trabajado el llamado ciclo henóquico, de importancia capital dentro del género apocalíptico tanto para el judaísmo como el cristianismo. No obstante, su tesis se desmarca de anteriores investigaciones sobre estas obras en el hecho de haber realizado un profundo estudio sobre la angelología (estudios de los ángeles) y demonología (estudio de los demonios), que pueblan los capítulos y versículos de las tres obras atribuidas a este patriarca bíblico. Para ello ha utilizado como apoyo diversas traducciones de estas obras (español, inglés, hebreo, arameo) y de la experiencia y estudios de otros investigadores, como Gershom Scholem o el Padre Alejandro Díez Macho, grandes conocedores de este ciclo literario, así como diccionarios y enciclopedias especializadas en el tema. A lo largo de estos tres años de tesis doctoral, la investigación en torno a los seres sobrenaturales de los libros de Henoc se ha desarrollado de forma muy satisfactoria gracias a la gran riqueza textual que encontramos no solo en el campo de los apócrifos del Antiguo Testamento, sino también en las tradiciones mesopotámicas, zoroástricas y gnósticas, fundamentales para entender los personajes que pueblan estas páginas, así como la incipiente transformación del género, que comienza dentro de la apocalíptica judía y termina bajo la forma de mística "precabalística"

Spanish judo success at the international level: a historical perspective

The aim of the present study was to collect and analyze the sporting successes of Spanish judo (senior category) in the Olympic Games, World Championships and European Championships. Data collection was made through several websites specific to judo. Until May 2018, Spanish judo achieved a total of 141 medals (six in the Olympic Games, 21 in the World Championships and 114 in the European Championships). Most medals were achieved in the 1990s and 2000s, as in the decade of 2010 a significant reduction is taking place. Successes were greatest for women, adding up to 69.5% of the total medals and, qualitatively, the most relevant successes for Spanish judo

Spanish judo success at the international level: a historical perspective

[ES] El objetivo del presente estudio fue recopilar y analizar globalmente los éxitos deportivos del judo español (categoría sénior) en los Juegos Olímpicos, Campeonatos del Mundo y Campeonatos de Europa. La recogida de información se realizó a través de diversas páginas web específicas de judo. Hasta mayo de 2018 se lograron un total de 141 medallas (seis en Juegos Olímpicos, 21 en Campeonatos del Mundo y 114 en Campeonatos de Europa). Las décadas de 1990 y 2000 fueron aquellas en las que se consiguieron más medallas, mientras que en la década de 2010 se está produciendo una importante reducción. La consecución de éxitos fue mayor en categoría femenina, sumando el 69,5% del total de medallas y, cuantitativamente, los éxitos más relevantes del judo español.[EN] The aim of the present study was to collect and analyze the sporting successes of Spanish judo (senior category) in the Olympic Games, World Championships and European Championships. Data collection was made through several websites specific to judo. Until May 2018, Spanish judo achieved a total of 141 medals (six in the Olympic Games, 21 in the World Championships and 114 in the European Championships). Most medals were achieved in the 1990s and 2000s, as in the decade of 2010 a significant reduction is taking place. Successes were greatest for women, adding up to 69.5% of the total medals and, qualitatively, the most relevant successes for Spanish judo

"Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: Characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115"

"Microorganisms from extreme environments, such as the Antarctic ecosystems, have a great potential to produce enzymes with novel characteristics. Within this context, L-asparaginase (ASNase) obtained from yeast species has been poorly studied. In this study, yeasts isolated from samples collected at Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) were tested to produce ASNase. From an initial screening of 40 strains, belonging to 13 different species, Leucosporidium scottii L115 produced an ASNase activity (LsASNase activity: 6.24 U g-1 of dry cell weight) with the lowest glutaminase activity. The LsASNase was purified 227-fold, with a specific activity of 137.01 U mg-1 at 37 ◦C, without glutaminase activity. Moreover, the maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 7.5 and at a temperature of 55 ◦C. The enzyme is a multimer of 462 kDa, presenting a single band of 53 kDa molecular mass in reduced conditions; after PGNase F treatment, a single band of 45 kDa was observed. The enzymatic kinetic evaluation revealed an allosteric regulation of the enzyme and the kinetic parameters were determined at 37 ◦C, pH 7.0 as substrate affinity constant, K0.5 = 233 μM, kcat = 54.7 s − 1 and Hill coefficient, nH = 1.52, demonstrating positive cooperativity by the enzyme and the substrate. This is the first study to report L. scottii as a source of glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia drug feature suitable for the treatment of asparagine synthetase negative cancer cells.

TRAF3 alterations are frequent in del-3′IGH chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and define a specific subgroup with adverse clinical features

Interstitial 14q32 deletions involving IGH gene are infrequent events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), affecting less than 5% of patients. To date, little is known about their clinical impact and molecular underpinnings, and its mutational landscape is currently unknown. In this work, a total of 871 CLLs were tested for the IGH break-apart probe, and 54 (6.2%) had a 300 kb deletion of 3′IGH (del-3′IGH CLLs), which contributed to a shorter time to first treatment (TFT). The mutational analysis by next-generation sequencing of 317 untreated CLLs (54 del-3′IGH and 263 as the control group) showed high mutational frequencies of NOTCH1 (30%), ATM (20%), genes involved in the RAS signaling pathway (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and MAP2K1) (15%), and TRAF3 (13%) within del-3′IGH CLLs. Notably, the incidence of TRAF3 mutations was significantly higher in del-3′IGH CLLs than in the control group (p < .001). Copy number analysis also revealed that TRAF3 loss was highly enriched in CLLs with 14q deletion (p < .001), indicating a complete biallelic inactivation of this gene through deletion and mutation. Interestingly, the presence of mutations in the aforementioned genes negatively refined the prognosis of del-3′IGH CLLs in terms of overall survival (NOTCH1, ATM, and RAS signaling pathway genes) and TFT (TRAF3). Furthermore, TRAF3 biallelic inactivation constituted an independent risk factor for TFT in the entire CLL cohort. Altogether, our work demonstrates the distinct genetic landscape of del-3′IGH CLL with multiple molecular pathways affected, characterized by a TRAF3 biallelic inactivation that contributes to a marked poor outcome in this subgroup of patients.Funding information: Universidad de Salamanca; Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia (FEHH); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Grant/Award Number: CB16/12/00233; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC); “Fundación Memoria Don Samuel Solórzano Barruso”: FS/33–2020, Grant/Award Number: RD12/0036/0069; “Gerencia Regional de Salud, SACYL”:, Grant/Award Numbers: GRS2385/A/21, GRS2140/A/20; Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León, Grant/Award Number: SA118P20; European Regional Development Fund and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Numbers: CD19/00222, FI19/00191; Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Grant/Award Numbers: PI21/00983, PI18/0150

The new multi-frequency instrument (MFI2) for the QUIJOTE facility in Tenerife

The QUIJOTE (Q-U-I joint Tenerife) experiment combines the operation of two radio-telescopes and three instruments working in the microwave bands 10?20 GHz, 26-36 GHz and 35-47 GHz at the Teide Observatory, Tenerife, and has already been presented in previous SPIE meetings (Hoyland, R. J. et al, 2012; Rubiño-Martín et al., 2012). The Cosmology group at the IAC have designed a new upgrade to the MFI instrument in the band 10-20 GHz. The aim of the QUIJOTE telescopes is to characterise the polarised emission of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as well as galactic and extra-galactic sources, at medium and large angular scales. This MFI2 will continue the survey at even higher sensitivity levels. The MFI2 project led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) consists of five polarimeters, three of them operating in the sub-band 10?15 GHz, and two in the sub-band 15-20 GHz. The MFI2 instrument is expected to be a full two-three times more sensitive than the former MFI. The microwave complex correlator design has been replaced by a simple correlator design with a digital back-end based on the latest Xilinx FPGAs (ZCU111). During the first half of 2019 the manufacture of the new cryostat was completed and since then the opto-mechanical components have been designed and manufactured. It is expected that the cryogenic front-end will be completed by the end of 2022 along with the FPGA acquisition and observing system. This digital system has been employed to be more robust against stray ground-based and satellite interference, having a frequency resolution of 1 MHz.The MFI2 instrument is being developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), with an instrumental participation from the Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena (UPCT). Partial financial support is provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), under the projects AYA2017-84185-P, IACA15-BE-3707, EQC2018-004918-P and the FEDER Agreement INSIDE-OOCC (ICTS-2019-03-IAC-12). We also acknowledge financial support of the Severo Ochoa Programs SEV-2015-0548 and CEX2019-000920-S